Ipe (Tropical Hardwood)
Ipe (pronounced “ee-pay”), also known as Brazilian Walnut, is a tropical hardwood that has become famous for its extreme durability and luxury appeal on decks. Ipe and other tropical hardwoods like cumaru, teak, and tigerwood are incredibly dense, hard woods usually harvested from Central or South America or Asia. These woods have a tight grain and high oil content, making them naturally resistant to water infiltration, rot, insects, and even fire to some extent. Ipe in particular has a beautiful dark brown color (which can vary from olive-brown to almost black) and fine texture. It’s often used on high-end decks, boardwalks (like the Atlantic City boardwalk), and other outdoor structures where longevity is a priority.
Pros: Unmatched durability is the hallmark of ipe. It is one of the hardest woods commercially available; an ipe deck can easily last 40 years or more with proper care – far longer than typical cedar or pine decks which might last 15-20 years. In fact, some reports show ipe structures lasting up to 75 years in ideal conditions. The wood’s resistance to rot and insects is naturally very high; ipe doesn’t need chemical treatment and is so dense that water, mold, and bugs have a hard time penetrating it. It’s a top choice for damp climates or areas with lots of rain because it won’t swell or decay – ipe and similar hardwoods handle moisture exceptionally well. Aesthetically, ipe is often prized for a luxury look – it has a deep, rich color and fine grain that can be absolutely stunning when oiled to a shine. It suits modern designs (smooth, clean lines) or can complement rustic as well (it’s often used for decks in high-end mountain or lake homes). Surprisingly, ipe is also quite low-maintenance in the sense that if you’re okay with it weathering to gray, it doesn’t require annual sealing – its performance won’t suffer if you skip a year of maintenance. Many owners simply clean their ipe deck and let it age naturally (it turns a silver-gray similar to teak). If you do want to maintain the original color, you’ll need to apply a UV-protective oil about once a year – less frequent than softwoods need staining. Importantly, ipe (and other tropical hardwoods) don’t splinter or scratch easily due to their hardness, so they remain smooth over time.
Cons: The main downsides of ipe are cost and installation difficulty. Ipe is one of the most expensive decking options upfront – the material cost per square foot is often several times that of pressure-treated wood. It’s comparable in price to high-end composite or PVC decking and sometimes even higher. The density that gives ipe its strength also makes it challenging to work with: it’s very heavy, can dull drill bits and saw blades, and must be pre-drilled for screws to avoid splitting. Many builders also recommend using hidden fastener systems or specialized clips, which can increase labor time. Not all contractors are familiar with installing it, which can make skilled labor more expensive. Ipe’s weight may require a sturdier substructure. In hot sun, ipe (especially when dark) can get quite hot to the touch – similar to composite, so using rugs or choosing lighter-colored hardwoods (like teak or garapa) might be considerations in extreme heat. Lastly, there are environmental concerns: if not sourced carefully, tropical hardwoods can contribute to deforestation. It’s crucial to buy ipe that is FSC-certified or from reputable suppliers to ensure it’s sustainably harvested, as the best forests are managed responsibly.
Best for: Those seeking ultimate longevity and a high-end look for their deck, and who have a high budget. Ipe is perfect for tropical or humid climates where lesser woods might rot – it will stand up to rain, humidity, and even salty coastal air with ease. It’s also a great choice in snowy climates because it’s so dense that water can’t easily freeze inside and cause cracks (just be cautious as its smooth surface can be slippery when wet or icy). If you want a deck that could last half a century and don’t mind the premium cost, ipe (or similar hardwoods) is a top-tier option. Just plan for a bit more effort in installation and ensure you source it ethically.
